Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma can develop on the conjunctiva and is a malignant, rapidly growing, highly invasive neoplasm with metastatic potential. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation and chronic inflammation are considered predisposing factors. The tumor appears as an irregular, proliferative pink mass prone to ulceration and bleeding. Owners may initially mistake it for a wound but become concerned when it fails to heal over time.

The tumor occurs in both dogs and cats. Light-colored cats that spend much of their time outdoors and cats living at higher elevations are described as more susceptible.

Treatment

Diagnosis is established by histopathologic examination. Once this tumor is diagnosed, a complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile, aspiration or biopsy of regional lymph nodes, and radiographic examination of the head, thorax, and abdomen are recommended. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the neoplasm with surrounding tissue, cryotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.

Squamous cell carcinoma on the conjunctiva of a cat.

Adapted from the Atlas of Ocular Diseases in Dogs and Cats by Dr. Siniša D. Grozdanić and colleagues. © Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa. The text and clinical images on this page are original content from the authors' own clinical practice and research, and may not be reproduced, distributed, or repurposed without permission.

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